How do you find heterozygous using the Hardy-Weinberg equation?
The Hardy-Weinberg equation used to determine genotype frequencies is: p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1. Where ‘p2’ represents the frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype (AA), ‘2pq’ the frequency of the heterozygous genotype (Aa) and ‘q2’ the frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype (aa).
How does heterozygote advantage affect allele frequencies?
Stabilizing selection occurs when heterozygous individuals are the most likely to survive. For that reason this fitness pattern is also referred to as heterozygote advantage. As with disruptive selection, if a population happened to start with an allele frequency exactly equal to: the allele frequency would not change.
What is an example of heterozygote advantage?
Heterozygous advantage is one of several controversial explanations for the existance of genetic variability in natural populations. The classic example of heterozygous advantage is sickle cell anemia where humans who are homozygotic for sickle shaped cells (pictured opposite) suffer from a near lethal condition.
What is 2pq in Hardy-Weinberg?
In the equation, p2 represents the frequency of the homozygous genotype AA, q2 represents the frequency of the homozygous genotype aa, and 2pq represents the frequency of the heterozygous genotype Aa.
How do you calculate heterozygosity?
The calculation of heterozygosity can be done directly by adding the frequency of the (three) heterozygote classes directly, or by adding the frequencies of the (three) homozygote classes and subtracting the total from unity.
Which Hardy-Weinberg factor represents the frequency of heterozygous individuals in a population?
2pq
So, the correct answer is ‘2pq’
How do you test for heterozygote advantage?
The only way to test the hypothesis of heterozygote advantage explicitly is to measure fitness of the homozygotes and heterozygotes for the putatively balanced alleles directly.
How would the value of 2pq likely change if the population was undergoing heterozygote advantage?
34. Heterozygote advantage is a condition in which heterozygotes in a population are favored by natural selection. Predict how the value of 2pq would likely change if a population was undergoing heterozygote advantage. It would remain in equilibrium because the values of p and q would remain the same.
What is heterozygote advantage quizlet?
Heterozygote advantage occurs when heterozygotes have increased fitness over both homozygotes. Individuals whom are carriers for the sickle cell allele (heterozygotes) are spared the worst effects of malaria yet do not have full blown sickle cell disease.
What do PQ p2 2pq and q2 represent?
The frequency of genotypes in a population can be represented by p2+2pq+q2= 1, with p2 equal to the frequency of the homozygous dominant genotype, 2pq equal to the frequency of the heterozygous genotype, and q2 equal to the frequency of the recessive genotype.
How do you calculate heterozygote frequency?
The frequency of heterozygous individuals. Answer: The frequency of heterozygous individuals is equal to 2pq. In this case, 2pq equals 0.32, which means that the frequency of individuals heterozygous for this gene is equal to 32% (i.e. 2 (0.8)(0.2) = 0.32).
What is meant by heterozygote advantage?
A heterozygote advantage describes the case in which the heterozygous genotype has a higher relative fitness than either the homozygous dominant or homozygous recessive genotype. The specific case of heterozygote advantage due to a single locus is known as overdominance.
How do you calculate heterozygosity of a population?
Expected heterozygosity (Hexp = 2pq) for a 2-allele system as a function of allele frequency, p. Note that the heterozygosity peaks at a value of 0.5, when the allele frequencies are equal (p=q). It is minimal at both extremes — in those cases everyone is a homozygote of one type or the other.
Is heterozygote advantage and example of stabilizing selection?
Both heterozygote advantage and frequency dependent selection are examples of balancing selection, they both lead to a stable polymorphic equilibrium state.
How do you find heterozygotes?
How do you calculate heterozygosity marker?
The following equations enable the heterozygosity of a marker to be calculated (Nei, 1978): H = 1 – ∑ i = 1 k p i 2 H = ∏ i = 1 k 2 p i k = number of alleles; pi = frequency of the ith allele.