What is an example of a demyelinating disease?
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. In this disorder, your immune system attacks the myelin sheath or the cells that produce and maintain it.
What disability occurs in demyelinating diseases?
The most well-known demyelinating disease is known as MS, multiple sclerosis. In MS, the immune system attacks the myelin sheath or the cells that produce and maintain it. The inflammation and scarring that occurs damages the nerve fibers.
What does Dysmyelination mean?
Dysmyelination refers to malformed and defective myelin sheath as opposed to the destruction of previously normal myelin that is seen in demyelination. Dysmyelination disorders often arise from hereditary mutations that affect the synthesis and formation of myelin.
How is demyelinating disease caused?
Demyelinating diseases are often caused by inflammation that attacks and destroys the myelin sheath. Inflammation can occur in response to an infection. Or it can attack the body as part of an autoimmune process. Toxins or infections can also harm myelin or may interfere with its production.
Is Guillain Barre a demyelinating disease?
Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is an acute inflammatory disease of the peripheral nerves. An autoimmune attack on the myelin (insulation around individual nerve fibers, called axons) results in demyelination.
Is Alzheimer’s a demyelinating disease?
The morphological brain changes in the patients with Alzheimer’s disease. a Compared to the healthy subjects, the patients with Alzheimer’s disease showed significant demyelination in the left hippocampus, left insula, bilateral anterior cingulate gyri, and the right precuneus.
What is the difference between MS and Guillain-Barré syndrome?
While MS destroys the myelin of the central nervous system (the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves), Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) destroys the myelin of the peripheral nerves—those that go out from the brainstem and spinal cord to all other parts of the body.
What disease mimics Guillain-Barré syndrome?
The neurologic disorders that may be confused with GBS include vasculitis with mononeuritis multiplex, Lyme disease, arsenic poisoning, tick paralysis, porphyria, sarcoidosis, leptomeningeal disease, paraneoplastic disease, critical illness myopathy/neuropathy, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, spinal …
Is Huntington’s disease a demyelinating disease?
Huntington’s disease (HD) leads to white matter (WM) degeneration that may be due to an early breakdown in axon myelination but in vivo imaging correlates of demyelination remain relatively unexplored in HD compared to other neurodegenerative diseases.
What is white matter vs GREY matter?
What is the function of gray matter and white matter? Gray matter largely functions to receive information and regulate outgoing information, as it contains the cell bodies of neurons. White matter, which is largely composed of axons, serves to transmit signals to other regions of the brain, spinal cord, and body.
Is Guillain-Barre a demyelinating disease?
What is the difference between MS and ALS?
MS is an autoimmune disease that causes your body to attack itself. ALS, also called Lou Gehrig’s disease, is a nervous system disorder that wears away nerve cells in your brain and spinal cord. Both are treated differently.
What is the Miller Fisher syndrome?
Miller Fisher syndrome is a rare, acquired nerve disease that is considered to be a variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome. It is characterized by abnormal muscle coordination, paralysis of the eye muscles, and absence of the tendon reflexes.
What is the difference between myasthenia gravis and Guillain-Barré?
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by weakness in specific muscle groups, especially the ocular and bulbar muscles. Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) presents with ascending paralysis and areflexia, often secondary to an infection.
What is Hutchinson disease?
Progeria, or Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), is a rare, fatal, genetic condition of childhood with striking features resembling premature aging. Children with progeria usually have a normal appearance in early infancy.
Who is thalamus?
What is the thalamus? Your thalamus is an egg-shaped structure in the middle of your brain. It’s known as a relay station of all incoming motor (movement) and sensory information — hearing, taste, sight and touch (but not smell) — from your body to your brain.
What part of the brain controls balance and coordination?
Cerebellum
Cerebellum. This is the back of the brain. It coordinates voluntary muscle movements and helps to maintain posture, balance, and equilibrium.
Which is worse ALS or MS?
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease, while ALS is hereditary in 1 out of 10 people due to a mutated protein. MS has more mental impairment and ALS has more physical impairment. Late stage MS rarely is debilitating or fatal, while ALS is completely debilitating leading to paralysis and death.
What are the early warning signs of ALS?
Early symptoms include:
- Muscle twitches in the arm, leg, shoulder, or tongue.
- Muscle cramps.
- Tight and stiff muscles (spasticity)
- Muscle weakness affecting an arm, a leg, the neck, or diaphragm.
- Slurred and nasal speech.
- Difficulty chewing or swallowing.
What is Polyneuritis Cranialis?
Polyneuritis cranialis (PNC) is a rare disorder affecting multiple cranial nerves [1]. Usually, it presents with a gradual and slowly progressive course [2]. The nerves usually affected in polyneuritis cranialis are the IV, V, VI, and VII nerves [1,3,4].