What does the saying et al mean?
“and others
“Et al.” is an abbreviation of the Latin term “et alia,” which means “and others.” It’s used in source citations to save space when there are too many authors to name them all.
Does et al mean everyone?
Et alia is the Latin phrase for “and others,” and the phrase “et al.” is its abbreviated form. Et alia is meant to be used when a list contains too many people or things to name. In academic writing, it is used when citing sources with multiple authors.
Is et al used in English?
Mind the italics. “Et al.” is widely used in English, so it does not always have to be italicized. However, because it is abbreviated from Latin, some publication manuals or specific style guides require it to be italicized.
Is et al formal?
“Etc.” is used widely in both formal and informal situations, while “et al.” is generally limited to formal academic writing. One lesser known use of “et al.” is as an abbreviation of “et alibi.” “Et alibi” translates to “and elsewhere.” It is used in academic writing to indicate locations that do not appear in a list.
Do you put a period after et al?
Because et al. is short for et alii (Latin for “and others”), the second word is actually an abbreviation and as such takes a period.
How do you use et al in an email?
in an Email. Use it in an email greeting by saying, “Dear Mr. Smith et al.,” when there is more than one recipient. For punctuation, always follow the abbreviation with a period since it’s short for “et alia” or “and others.”
What does et al mean in business?
and others
What It Means in Latin and English. The Latin phrase et al. is actually an abbreviation. Translated into English, et al. means “and others.” It comes from the Latin words et (“and”) + alii (“others”). Its function is to spare writers and readers from laboring over long and potentially inconsequential lists.
Is it proper to say gents?
Gents is used when addressing men in an informal, humorous way, especially in the expression ‘ladies and gents. ‘ Don’t be left standing, ladies and gents, while a bargain slips past your eyes.
Is gents a formal word?
the gents, Informal. a men’s room.
How many authors do you need to use et al?
Only when a work has six or more authors should the first in-text citation consist of the first author followed by et al. With five or fewer authors, all the author surnames should be spelled out at first mention. 2.
How do you address a gentleman?
Formal Titles in English
- Sir (adult male of any age)
- Ma’am (adult female – North American)
- Madam (adult female)
- Mr + last name (any man)
- Mrs + last name (married woman who uses her husband’s last name)
- Ms + last name (married or unmarried woman; common in business)
- Miss + last name (unmarried woman)